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OpenStreetMap publishes maps of all Earth regions, including the whole planet.

To use this data as a visual map, you need to render the raw data - which is available in XML and PBF (you want pbf) - into either vector or raster tiles. There are a variety of tools that do that; the easiest is probably planetiler.

After that, you can serve the tiles using a tile server. Connect an appropriate client to view. Some tile servers like tileserver-gl serve a web-based viewer so you don't need a client.