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OpenStreetMap publishes maps of all Earth regions, including the whole planet.

To use this data as a visual map, you need to render the raw data - which is available in XML and PBF (you want pbf) - into either vector or raster tiles. There are a variety of tools that do that; the easiest is probably planetiler.

On my enthusiast desktop, planetiler took around 2 hours to generate vector pmtiles of the planet with all zoom levels. The resulting file was 69gb.

When you render, you need to pick an appropriate zoom level.

After that, you can serve the tiles using a tile server. Connect an appropriate client to view. Some tile servers like tileserver-gl serve a web-based viewer so you don't need a client.